Variable-rate space-time block codes in M-ary PSK systems

We consider a multiple antenna system when combined array processing with space–time coding is used. We present variable rate space–time block codes for two, three, and four transmit antennas and optimize the transmit power so that the average bit-error rate (BER) is minimized. Numerical results show that this optimum power allocation scheme provides significant gain over the equal power allocation scheme. We then classify all the variable rate space–time block codes having the same code rates and identify the unique code that achieves the lowest BER. We explicitly compute the performance of the variable rate codes over a Rayleigh-fading channel. The proposed variable rate space–time block codes are useful for unequal error protection in multiple transmit antenna systems.